Remembrance
of 9/11
(in program order)
Anthony
Cornicello - Fractured Landscape, Suspended Song
I was teaching Computer Music when my wife frantically phoned. Her words
were filled with grief, anger, and despair on September 11. I listened
in disbelief. I was a little boy living in Brooklyn when the WTC was
being built. My dad took me to the site of the future world's tallest
building. At that point there was only a big hole in the ground. As
an adult, I frequented the area, sitting at the fountain with Atlas
holding up the world. When the Vermont Chamber Music Ensemble approached
me about writing a work in response to the attacks, I was still overwhelmed
with grief. For me, the piece needed to project a message of hope and
understanding, in a time when hope and understanding were difficult
concepts for me to grasp. As I began writing the work, my thoughts kept
returning to current events. It became difficult to even think about
writing. So I decided to write a piece about writing a piece after September
11. My work, a theatre-esque piece, is a chronicle of my own thoughts
since the attack: disarray, confusion, followed by the eventual desire
to return to work. The piece includes samples of eyewitness accounts,
Hubert Parry's choral anthem, "I was glad when they said unto me",
which makes use of the hopeful words of Psalm 112, "pray for the
peace of Jerusalem," as well as Arabic chant, quoting the opening
incantation of the Koran, as well as a passage instructing Islamic believers
to "repel evil deeds with good deeds, and then you will find that
he with whom you had enmity will become your friend." The writing
of "Fractured Landscape, Suspended Song" was a catharsis for
me as a composer, and I thank the Vermont Chamber Music Ensemble for
the opportunity.
Notes by the composer
Belinda
Reynolds - Dust
DUST was commissioned by the Vermont Contemporary Music Ensemble as
part of their Winter "Coffee House" Concert to benefit the
victims of the events of September 11, 2001. While no words can ever
sufficiently encompass all the emotions and thoughts we all have surrounding
this day, this short duo tries simply to create a musical offering for
all of those lives affected by this moment. A special thanks goes to
Steven Klimowski and Bonnie Thurber Klimowski for their input in the
composition of this work. Other thanks go to The MacDowell Colony for
their support of this project.
Notes by the composer
Allen
Shawn - Dark Song
In
order to respond to Steve Klimowski's request for a work reflecting
upon the massacre that occurred in New York on September 11 of 2011,
I had to first overcome a sense that, as a distant bystander to the
events of that day, I didn't have a right to compose such a piece. When
I did sit down to write, I thought about how such horror might have
been experienced by one of its victims, and in turn by those close to
that one person. I thought about the dark shadow the event cast over
all of us. The bass clarinet and piano piece lasts five minutes; after
the initial outburst in the piano, its chords and melodies are ritualized,
circular and restrained.
Notes by the composer
Troy
Peters - Lament
For
me, the biggest feeling in the wake of 9/11 was numbness. The imediacy
and impact of what happened were so powerful that I found myself exhausted
for weeks. In the cello solo which opens Lament - 9/11/01, I tried to
capture this sense of being emotionally lost. The cell9o mulls over
its sorrow and doesn't know where to go with it, turning in circles.
When the cello finally exhausts itself, the voice enters with a brief
song of mourning to this text by Ab Al-ala Al-ma'arre, an 11th century
Arab poet from what is now Syria:
The
soul driven from the body
Mourns the memory it leaves
behind. A dove hit in flight sadly
turns its neck and sees its nest
destroyed.
notes
by the composer
Thomas Read
- A Watch in the Night
My trio, A WATCH IN THE NIGHT, was composed between Sept. 11 and November
11, 2001, especially for the VCME. The music comprises two contrasted,
interlocked sections. The first unfolds three varied statements of a
self-contained, singable melody. Scattered remnants of the melody propel
the agitated beginning of the second section, raising the possibility
of the melody's eventual restatement. Such an eventuality becomes increasingly
impossible as the music, now utterly transformed, draws to a quiet,
meditative close.
Two mottos are appended to the score:
In this world
we walk on the roof of Hell
gazing at flowers.
Kayabashi Issa
La memoria es
raiz en la tiniebla.
(Memory is a root in the dark.)
Octavio Paz
David Gunn
- faux pastiche
faux
pastiche is a piece for New York City. It's a pasticcio of nine
themes, six of which depict the mercurial activity of the burg. The
other three - collapse, aftermath, and revivification - connote events
of the last two-thirds of September 2001. The "collapse" theme
is but two measures, representing a brief if daunting interlude in the
city's collective continuum. So it really isn't a pastiche after all,
but rather a "faux" pastiche.
Daniel Jessie
- A Feary Tale
In conversations after the attack, I was most struck by the sense of
confusion. We are benevolent, how can we be so hated? In truth, our
generosity toward the world was often viewed as unwont influence - subtle
imperialism. I felt a need to understand how something could seem so
right and be seen as so wrong.
At the same time, I sensed a ponderous attitude taking hold in many
minds outside New York City. Meanwhile, in The City itself, life was
more cherished and civil. This piece is an attempt to put a lighter
face on the gloomy, frightening reality of world society, hoping to
help us all take a calmer view of our place within God's world.
Notes by the composer
Dennis
Báthory-Kitsz - Fuliginous Quadrant
Composed
ten weeks after the 9/11 tragedy, Fuliginous Quadrant extracts
the abstract shape of unbearable, slow-motion television images that
played over and over throughout the middle of that September. The flickering
timing numbers of home videos are stretched across time as octave F's
strike a heartbeat 337 times on the piano while the images themselves
are pixelated with digital closeups and flash cuts, expressed as bursts
of active conversation among violin, clarinet, cello and piano. The
composition does not paint a scene but rather envelops the listener
in a sonic analog of a single intake of breath and a silent plea for
the images never to have existed.
Fuliginous
Quadrant began as The Key of Locust, a nearly unplayable
1200-measure trio for violin, viola and cello written in early October;
it evolved into a similarly unplayable quartet, and finally this version,
first played by the Rode Pomp Ensemble in Ghent in 2005.
Notes by the composer
Alex
Abele - Arise and Unite
This work is dedicated to the memory of those that died as a result
of the September 11 terrorist attacks. While the dedication is concerned
with those who have passed, the inspiration is from those who remain
and remember. Arise and Unite is a reflection of the courage, strength
of spirit, unity and resolve demonstrated by the American people and
our friends worldwide.
The piece is based on two chords, a ninth chord, and an eleventh chord.
These chords are played in succession in various voicings throughout
the range of the piano followed by melodic echoes. The resulting sounds
seek to honor the past and to inspire the future.
Notes by the composer
Don
Jamison - Three Threshold Songs
Not only were the lives of thousands of people brought to an abrupt
end on September 11, but those thousands were suddenly thrown into a
state of existence that most were unprepared to meet. My Three Threshold
Songs look at death from increasingly close up. In Spring and
Fall (Gerard Manley Hopkins), young Margaret is saddened by falling
leaves and the "leafmeal" they become. The narrator tells
her, or maybe only thinks, that Margaret has realized that what she
is seeing "is the blight man is born for," and that her sadness
is for her own eventual fate - "It is Margaret you mourn for."
In Emily Dickinson's The Sun Kept Setting, Setting, the narrator's
own perceptions are strangely askew: the sun is setting, but it is noon;
the dusk is dropping, but the only dew to be found is on her face; her
feet are asleep, but her fingers are awake; she can't hear any of the
sounds she thinks she is making. At last, she understands - without
fear - that "'Tis dying I am doing." The narrator of the third
song, I See You in the Spirit World (an adaptation of a meditative
verse by Rudolf Steiner), is addressing someone who has recently died.
She sends her love in the hope that it will "help you find the
way through darkness to the spirit's light." According to Steiner,
death is a birth into the spiritual world, and while the living can't
serve as midwives to that birth, there are things we can do to help.
Notes by the composer
Erik
Nielsen - We Must Always Have a Song
When
Steven Klimowski approached me, along with a number of other composers,
with the idea of writing a short piece for a special concert in memory
of those killed on September 11, I quickly agreed. For a number of reasons
I have written several memorial pieces in the past 10 years or so and
I initially imagined this would be a similar sort of work. However,
the more I thought about what I would compose, the less I felt I could
write such a piece for this occasion. As hideous as the events of September
11 were, they are no more nor less tragic than the atrocities humans
have been visiting on each other for thousands of years. In searching
for what I could bring to this concert I was struck by a poem my friend
David Budbill began appending to his correspondence after September
11. I realized after reading the poem that it said what I was feeling,
namely that we need Art, now more than ever, not only to express more
powerfully than any other way our sorrow, but also our hopes and strivings,
our spirituality and our sense of beauty that persist despite pain,
tragedy and injustice. And so I tried to write a simple piece that gives
my sense of what is embodied in David's very wise and beautiful poem.
- notes by the composer
What
Issa Heard
Two
hundred years ago Issa heard the morning birds
singing sutras to this suffering world.
I heard them too, this morning, which must mean,
since we will always have a suffering world,
we must also always have a song.
David
Budbill
Notes
by the composer
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A
Soldier's Tale - The Crane Maiden
L'HISTOIRE
DU SOLDAT
(THE SOLDIER'S TALE)
A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
from : http://myhome.sunyocc.edu/~bridger/papers/lhistpaper.htm
by Robert Bridge
This paper will discuss Stavinsky's L'HISTOIRE DU SOLDAT. It will be concerned
with the following: facts about the work; information about the instrumentation;
facts about the story and a synopsis of the story; information concerning
the genesis of the work; and a short analysis of the music and how it
relates to the story.
L'HISTOIRE DU SOLDAT does not fit exactly into any set genre. It could
be called: a ballet d' action with a story told in narrative by the characters
and a narrator[1]; "a play with music and dance"[2]; a miniature
theatre piece, full of experiments.[3] It is also interesting that this
work is included in Loewenberg's Annals of Opera 1597-1940. [4] However
you choose to label it, L'HISTOIRE represents many innovations in music
and theatre.
The facts on L'HISTOIRE are as follows: it was composed at Morges in 1918
and dedicated to Werner Reinhart; the full work was published by J &
W. Chester in 1924. It was also arranged into a suite for clarinet, violin,
and piano in 1919 (Werner Reinhart was an excellent amateur clarinetist).
And, a suite featuring the original instrumentation was arranged in 1920.
A rehearsal version, the composer's piano reduction, is also available.
L'HISTOIRE's libretto, in French, is by Charles Ferdinand Ramuz. There
are English translations by (1) Rosa Newmarch and (2) Michael Flanders
and Kitty Black. Hans Reinhart produced the German translation.
Instrumentation for this work represents treble and bass in each instrumental
family. It consists of: violin, double bass, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet,
trombone, and percussion (played by one player). This instrumentation
closely resembles that of the New Orleans Dixieland Jazz band that was
traveling through Europe during this period. Stravinsky however, did not
hear this band in person until 1919.[5] It can be said that he was aware
of the instrumentation in that he studied many jazz and ragtime scores,
and is quoted as saying that he could hear them in his head. However,
the rhythms of this work allude more to jazz than the harmonies or melodies.
This is one of the first times that the jazz influence appears in the
music of Stravinsky.
Primitivism made it vogue for Europeans to be interested in Jazz, as it
was descended from African rhythms and melodies.[6] The memory of W.W.I
caused an even more serious need to rid music of romanticism. Stravinsky
said "Rhythm and motion, not the element of feeling, are the foundations
of musical art." [7]
The bassoon was a substitute for the saxophone; Stravinsky did not care
for the instrument. The percussion instruments approximate those of a
trap set or dance drums. The set up includes: a bass drum, cymbal, side
drum with snares, two side drums without snares (different sizes), small
drum with snares, tambourine and triangle. Although the drums were to
approximate a dance drum set, a pedal bass drum was not admissible. In
a letter to Robert Craft dated October 7, 1947, Stravinsky states that
the pedal bass drum will not work for this piece.[8] The part calls for
the bass drum to create different timbre effects with the use of different
implements. Great care was given to the percussion writing in L'HISTOIRE;
Stravinsky even bought his own set of percussion instruments in Lausanne
and learned to play them.[9]
This work does mark one of the first times that Stravinsky uses the violin
as a solo instrument. Also, the percussion writing is virtuosic throughout
this piece. These two featured instruments assume the roles of the soldier's
soul (violin), and the "Diablerie" (percussion).
The story for L'HISTOIRE was one from a collection by Alexander Afanasiev.
Afanasiev collected "soldier stories" from peasant recruits
of the Russo-Turkish War (1827-1829). Stravinsky says:
We were particularly
drawn to the cycle of legends dealing with the adventures of the soldier
who deserted and the devil who inexorably comes to carry off his soul.
This cycle was based on folk stories of a cruel period of enforced recruitment
under Nicholas I....[10]
More symbolically,
it is a story about a deserter who barters his violin, his soul, for the
rewards of the devil.
What follows is a brief story synopsis, as taken from White's Stravinsky
The Composer and his Works [11]:
Part One, Scene 1
-- ('Scene au bord du ruisseau'-- 'The Banks of a Stream'.) The Soldier,
returning to his native village with a fortnight's leave, is accosted
by The Devil disguised as an old man with a butterfly net. The Devil obtains
the Soldier's fiddle in exchange for a magic book and invites him to spend
three days of his leave with him. The Soldier accepts.
Scene 2 -- ('Scene
du sac' -- 'A crossroads in the open country, showing a frontier post
and the village belfry in the distance'.) On reaching his native village,
the Soldier finds he has been away not three days but three years. The
Devil appears disguised as a cattle merchant and explains that with the
help of the magic book the Soldier can make his fortune.
Scene 3 -- ('Scene
du livre' -- 'A room'.) By now, the Soldier is thoroughly disillusioned
by his wealth. The Devil disguised as an old clothes woman calls on him
and displays her wares, including a fiddle which he recognizes as his.
He wants to buy it back, but finding he can get no sound out of it, hurls
it into the wings and tears up the book in despair.
Part Two, Scene 4
-- ('Scene du jeu de cartes' -- 'A room in the palace'.) The Soldier,
who has now lost his wealth, comes to a town where the King's daughter
is ill and the King has promised her hand in marriage to whoever succeeds
in curing her. The Soldier meets the Devil disguised as a virtuoso violinist
and plays cards with him. He goes on losing and plying him with wine,
until the Devil falls unconscious, and he is able to recover his old fiddle.
Scene 5 -- ('Scene
de la fille guerie' -- 'The Princess's room'.) The invalid Princess is
lying on a couch. The Soldier enters and plays his fiddle. The Princess
rises and dances a tango, a waltz and a ragtime, at the end of which she
falls into the Soldier's arms. During their embrace, the Devil enters
dressed as a devil (with forked tail and pointed ears). The Soldier fiddles
him into contortions and with the help of the Princess drags his body
into the wings.
Scene 6 -- ('Scene
des limites franchies' -- same as Scene 2.) Sometime after their marriage,
the Soldier and Princess decide to visit his native village; but as soon
as he crosses the frontier, he falls into the power of the Devil, who
appears in gorgeous scarlet apparel, and has got hold of the fiddle again.
He follows the Devil very slowly, but without resisting.
The libretto carries
the following introductory note concerning the staging: A small stage
mounted on a platform. A stool (or barrel) at either side. On one of the
stools the Narrator sits in front of a small table on which there are
a carafe of white wine and a glass. The orchestra is placed on the opposite
side of the stage.
In his book, The
Music of Stravinsky[12], Stephen Walsh parallels the 'Soldier's Tale'
to Stravinsky's own situation in 1918. There are similarities in that
Stravinsky is in semi-exile and many people felt that he had deserted
his roots (he would become a French citizen in a few years). Walsh states
that he is playing foreign tunes to keep his soul. Also, Stravinsky does
state that he found the Peace of Brest-Litovsk humiliating.[13] Many do
not agree with Walsh's view, but it is worth noting.
A final point on the story is that although the story was originally Russian,
Stravinsky and Ramuz decided to broaden it into a worldlier tale. Some
have compared it to a miniature Faust.
The genesis of L'HISTOIRE was in 1915 when Stravinsky and Charles Ferdinand
Ramuz (b. 1878) met through the introduction of a mutual friend, the conductor
Ernest Ansermet. Ramuz was a French novelist who, like Stravinsky, lived
in Switzerland during the war. The duo worked together to translate Reynard
(1916) and Les Noces (1917) into French. Because Ramuz knew no Russian,
He and Stravinsky had to work closely together. From this work, their
friendship grew.
After the completion of Les Noces, They looked for a new project to work
on together. Both men were in need of money due to the war. Stravinsky
could no longer receive funds from his estate in Russia. Also, he was
receiving no royalties from his publishers. Ramuz, a novelist, was also
subject to the financial devastation of the war. With this mutual lack
of money, their interests pointed towards something that would be very
simple to produce.
This "small production," would have a small cast, a small orchestra,
and require a small space. It would also need to be very mobile. Since
Ramuz was a novelist, he suggested that he should write a story rather
than a play.
From these beginnings, their miniature theatre piece was born. It was
a way for the duo and their friends to make some money. In concept, it
was a traveling theatre, easily moved because the stage sat on saw horses
with a barrel on each side. There was a small orchestra on one side of
the stage while the action took place on the other. The stage divided
into three portions, with the inclusion of the narrator. This was visually
appealing in that they could lead the eye where it needed to go; left,
right, center, all at once or nothing at all.
The first performance of L'HISTOIRE DU SOLDAT, conducted by Ernest Ansermet
(1883-1969), took place on September 28, 1918, at the Theatre Municipal
de Lausanne. Werner Reinhart sponsored, and underwrote to a large degree,
this performance. This performance was a great success but the tour had
to be canceled because of the Spanish Influenza epidemic. It would later
be revived and performed on numerous occasions.
Although a complete theoretical analysis of this work is beyond the scope
of this paper, some theoretical points deserve consideration. This work
marks a consolidation of the past four years of Stravinsky's work. L'HISTOIRE
also leads to Stravinsky's next composition, Ragtime for eleven instruments
(1918). The Ragtime of L'HISTOIRE is, in particular, a precursor to this
piece.
The pitch relations in this work are predominantly diatonic. A juxtaposition
of major and minor mode is fairly common and some chromaticism is apparent.
However, it is the rhythm and the motion of the music that contributes
most to the drama. The opening of Part 1 is The Soldier's March. In spite
of many changing meters, the bass maintains an almost constant march feeling.
To achieve this march feeling, Stravinsky employs a rhythmic pattern that
is always of quarter note value (although notated eighth note, eighth
rest). Furthermore, the implied harmony of I, V, I, V, leads to a feeling
of motion as well.
The Music to Scene One also has a bass ostinato that stays constant while
the melodies are in multimetric form.
Metrical ambiguity continues in The Royal March when the opening measure
is in 5/8 moving the original downbeat to the upbeat in the accompaniment.
The resolution occurs with a second 5/8 bar in the ninth bar.
The structure of this march is much freer and this signifies the Soldier's
new freedom. If the first march was full of military memories, this march
speaks of the freedom of the future. But, it is also in this march that
we meet the Devil posing as a virtuoso violinist; with freedom comes the
responsibility of guarding your soul. With a return to the original trombone
melody, this march ends.
The Little Concert is the climax of this portion of the work. The motives
contain parts of the preceding pieces. They work against each other to
break up all continuity of rhythm. At rehearsal 7, the clarinet and trumpet
are moving from 7 to 6 to 5 while the violin is in 6 and the bass in 4.
From here the piece works toward a large tutti and then back to the recapitulation
(it is almost in sonata allegro form). This piece represents the Soldier
attaining all that he has dreamed of in spite of the trials that he has
encountered since we met him.
The Tango is performed by the violin and the percussion. The clarinet
is added when the princess begins to dance. It is in this piece that we
see the "soul" dancing above the constant of the "Diablerie".
The percussion in this portion is treated "organically". That
is, it is not being used as a color but rather, it is a functioning part
of the music and the music would not be the same with any other treatment.
Waltz is a continuation of the dance. It is notable in that the rhythm
stays in a "3" feel the entire time. Also, the percussion drops
out in this piece, signifying safety from the devil and stability. This
piece was approached attacca with a rhythmic modulation and it segues
to Ragtime in the same manner.
The modulation into Ragtime is a bit more tricky. It moves from a fast
"3" feeling, to a medium "4" feeling. This, and the
reappearance of the percussion, foreshadows the entrance of the Devil
at the conclusion of this piece.
The Devil's Dance is a furious dance with incredible motion. It combines
the aspects of a solid beat under an ambiguous meter like many of the
previous pieces, but does this at a terrific rate. It is in fact the violin
playing the Devil to death. At this point, the Soldier and Princess unite
to pull the Devil off stage. Then they fall into each other's arms at
the strains of The Little Choral that follows.
The Devil's Song is a warning of the Soldier's impending doom. But, he
and his bride are not listening. The narrator continues this prophesy
in the Great Choral.
The music to both Chorals is said to come from Lutheran Hymns.[14] Also,
the theme of The Great Choral is said to have been given to Stravinsky
in a dream.
The final piece, The Triumphal March of the Devil, signifies the Devil's
victory. There are many instances where the violin and percussion are
playing by themselves. This is again the contrast of the Soldier's soul
over the Devils constant rhythm. In the end though, the only sound left
(last thirteen measures) is the percussion. The Devil has won. This last
bit is controversial in that Stravinsky notated a decrescendo; this perhaps
signaled the Devil descending into Hell. However, many performers prefer
to end with a steady crescendo, thereby heightening the excitement and
drama of the work.
In conclusion, though based on a Russian folk tale from the first quarter
of the nineteenth century, L'HISTOIRE DU SOLDAT is still a moving work
of art today. Its combination of stage, story, dance, symbolism and music
is unique.
The Crane Maiden
- Erik Nielsen
HOW "THE CRANE
MAIDEN" CAME ABOUT
In 2001 I saw the
Vermont Contemporary Music Ensemble perform Stravinsky's l'Histoire du
Soldat, a work for instrumental sextet, narrator, two actors and dancer.
I was very impressed and said to the VCME's Music Director, Steven Klimowski,
"Steve, you really ought to take this on tour. But you need another
piece to go with it to make an entire concert." Steve said, "Can
you do this?" As any self-respecting composer would do, I said "Sure."
I knew exactly what work I wanted to set to music. I had loved the Japanese
folk tale The Crane Maiden for many years and as early as 1992 had begun
work on a version but had never completed it. So in 2002 I took months
trying to obtain permission from the copyright holder of the only written
edition of the story I knew. What with corporate takeovers and the original
publisher's no longer existing it seemed there was no clear copyright
owner. However, I finally realized this was a folk tale with many versions
and a new retelling would be completely without copyright difficulties.
I turned to the best folktale re-writer I knew, my daughter Christina,
who had loved the story as a child and turned out a wonderful new version
before she left for college. Having obtained a grant from the Vermont
Arts Council that funded part of the work, I completed most of the piece
in the fall of 2003. There it languished for lack of funding for a number
of years while I took on other projects. Finally, in 2009 I received a
grant from the Kittredge Fund and completed the work. I sent it on to
Steve who began putting together the calendar for the 2011-12 season and
put The Crane Maiden front and center.
For me the story has always tugged at my heartstrings. This tale of an
old couple and the young maiden they invite into their home is beautiful,
but also bittersweet. In the end it shows how sometimes, despite our best
intentions, things don't always work out happily. Yet in Christina's version,
they work out for the best, as all concerned realize that what must happen
is also what ought to happen.
Notes by the composer 2011
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On
the Nature of Silence
Don
Jamison
Waking
and Sleeping
These
two pieces, which together are named Waking and Sleeping,
are responses to poetry written by Jean Connor. The first, One Morning,
comes out of these lines: Silence is a meeting place of the Holy,
a place of returning
(from On the Nature of Silence)
and The world was silent that morning, until the goats began to
bleat their complaints
(from One Morning). The
vibraphone and harp play the role of the celestial sphere, slowly rotating,
the rhythms remaining the same, but the tones gradually shifting. The
flute and clarinet are creatures (goats or people or zinnias, as in the
poem) beginning their day.
The second piece,
Full Moon, takes place at the other end of the day. The vibraphone
and harp are again playing a celestial role, but this time more like the
moving stars the planets. The flute and clarinet stroll
around and speak of ordinary things in ordinary tones
but time is
slightly bent, as Connors poem, Full Moon, puts
it. The piece ends with the moons rise, a quiet ascent from the
harps lowest register.
notes by the composer
Daniel Kessner
Dances
for Clarinet and Guitar
Dances
was written in 1997 at the request of my cousins, Richard Lesser, then
Principal Clarinetist of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, and Jordan
Charnofsky, prominent Los Angeles area guitarist. However, since the two
of them never found themselves on the same continent long enough to perform
it together, the premiere performances featured them separately: in July
of 1998 Richard gave the first performance in Tel Aviv with guitarist
Doron Salomon; then in March of 2000, Jordan did the first American performance
with clarinetist Julia Heinen at California State University, Northridge.
The two have joined forces to record it on a recently-released CD with
Crystal Records. Since then, I have also completed versions of it for
flute/alto flute and guitar and for oboe/English horn and guitar.
notes by the composer
John
Mantegna
Prologue:
This movement for solo guitar is characterized by major/minor ambiguity
and a limited harmonic vocabulary. To portend the subsequent poetry, this
limited harmonic vocabulary aims to project a sense of stasis and simplicity.
Though rhythmically and texturally contrasting, the middle section maintains
harmonic fidelity with the first section, including major/minor juxtaposition
and ambiguity. Finally, in a nod to the palindromic structure of the entire
program, the palindromic middle section is followed by a reverse presentation
of varied material from the first section.
Epilogue:
Scored for flute, Bb clarinet, violin, violoncello, and guitar, this movement
revisits material from the Prologue movement and introduces new material.
The introduction continues the quiet stasis from the Prologue movement,
although in a more optimistic way. A faster section follows, characterized
by an incessant underlying rhythmic pattern. Thematic material is tossed
around among the parts imitatively, with 'cello favoritism prevailing.
Subsequently, things unwind and we return to direct quotes from the Prologue.
The unwinding continues, leaving only naked guitar harmonics.
notes
by the composer
Otto
Muller
chorale:
what they seem [
] that stillness
Echoing
the theme of simplicity in Connors poetry, this piece focuses upon
a very limited set of material, a single suspended moment of voice-leading.
Moreover, I am not interested in the development of this material so much
as the different textures that are revealed as it is turned in the hand.
Intricate details emerge and recede as light and shadow play on its contours
and crevices.
chaconne:
missing this last [
] the seamless
The
chaconne, with its stately repeating harmonies, seems an appropriate vehicle
for capturing the stillness of Connors poetry. In this piece, warbles,
whistles and songs shift against each other over a subtle undulating harmonic
cycle. The harmonies themselves refer to an absent bass line, far below
the lowest notes of this low ensemble, by outlining the upper partials
of these invisible pitches.
notes by the composer
Thomas Read
Meridian
While composing Meridian, the
purity and vitality of Jean Connor's poetry together with the immediate
brilliancy associated with a sunny midday were primary inspirations. However,
the musical result is not so much meditative as narrative. Through the
precipitant, bright opening of my septet, we can imagine the outdoor excitement
and noise of an urban noonday rush hour!
Refuge from noise and commotion arrives shortly, and we find ourselves
inside a secluded courtyard. We wander into a spacious arcade, glass roofed
and brightly lit but with darker alcoves, some strangely disordered, some
enfolding a kaleidoscope of distractions, momentary come-ons, ephemera.
There is every kind of shop: hairdressers, jewelers
We pass an ornate
gallery conjuring images of prehistory. Another houses, from floor to
ceiling, shells collected from seas of the world. Approaching the end
of the arcade we encounter four musicians rendering a distorted version
of Dvorak's orchestral poem, The Noonday Witch (Polednice).
Suddenly, as in a dream, we find ourselves outdoors again, high up on
a balcony looking out over the tumult of a crowded plaza. There are commodity
seekers, dancers, and outdoor cafes. Off to the side, a political rally
is in progress
everywhere a changing landscape.
notes by the composer
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Spring
Fling
Alban
Berg
Adagio
from the
Chamber Concerto
"I can tell
you, dearest friend , that if it became known how much friendship, love
and a world of human and spiritual references I have smuggled into these
three movements, the adherents of program musicshould there be any
leftwould go mad with joy". Alban Berg to Arnold
Schoenberg , February 9, 1925.
For Alban Berg's 50 birthday
celebration violinist Dea Gombrich asked to play the second (adagio) movement
of his Chamber Concerto in a violin/piano arrangement. Berg suggested
that he make a completely new chamber version . The result was a rewriting
of the movement for violin , clarinet and piano. The casualness with which
this was done is surprising when one considers that the original score
is a highly structured, three movement work which encompasses a hidden
program enciphered in mathematical formulae or different row combinations.
But Berg liked coincidental connections and this movement may have had
special, personal significance . The original Chamber Concerto was written
in honor of Arnold Schoenberg's fiftieth birthday in 1924-25, his (Berg's)
own fortieth birthday and the twentieth anniversary of his, Webern and
Schoenberg's famous association . The Adagio also has the working "secret"
title Liebe (love) in his early notes. Musicological sleuthing has conjectured
that this title reflected the concern Berg had for Arnold Schoenberg when
Mathilda Schoenberg (Arnold's first wife) was stricken with the illness
that took her life. The Adagio falls into two larger sections, both three-part
lied forms (A1- B - A2 where A2 is an inversion of A1). The original intention
was that the second section be a strict palindrome of the first. It ended
up being a rather loose palindrome in this arrangement but the astute
listener will notice that similar events seem to be happening in reverse
order.
Vida
Chenoweth
Pointillism
('Lakes Suite')
Chenoweth composed
Pointillism in the spring of 1951. Originally a two-movement suite, the
instrumentation is defined as "optional" flute, marimba,
and clarinet. The composer believes Pointillism to be the first ensemble/chamber
work for marimba, flute and clarinet. The piece was composed while Chenoweth
was at Northwestern University the composer's aim was "to
introduce to music faculty the potential of the marimba as a chamber instrument".[1]
In painting, pointillism is
defined as:
A technique of neo-Impressionist
painting using tiny dots, which become blended in the viewer's eye.
With reference to the painting
technique, Chenoweth notes:
"An attempt to transfer
the technique to music would suggest a contrapuntal texture, the voices
assuming independent importance to allow individual timbres to penetrate.
A fragmentary character is maintained until the end when instrumental
"colors" are fused."[2]
The original score contains
only the outer movements: "Lake Michigan" and "Lake Carl."
However, all three movements' titles are penciled in the front of the
score "Lake Mendota" was added later. Chenoweth has a
1950 recording of the two-movement version ("Lake Michigan"
and "Lake Carl"), which is most likely from a workshop session
as there is no audience applause. It appears Chenoweth herself did not
ever publicly perform all three movements of Pointillism together in concert.
Pointillism was performed at
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign on May 12, 1960, by Roy Andreotti
on his Senior Recital. Andreotti's program lists all three movements:
"Lake Michigan," "Lake Mendota," and "Lake Carl."
Instrumentation is listed as flute, clarinet, bass drum, and marimba.[3]
The piece is listed in the program as Lakes Suite, not Pointillism. A
more recent performance of Pointillism ("Lake Michigan", "Lake
Carl"), was given by Indiana University professor George Gaber, according
to Chenoweth.
The instrumentation of the
second movement ("Lake Mendota") has changed in multiple drafts
of the score and parts. Originally, Chenoweth states this movement was
scored for marimba and flute with a bass part on timpani. Chenoweth found
this "proved impractical for such a short role" and the bass
part was subsequently reassigned to bass drum, bass clarinet, or cello.
The VCME's 2012 performances of Pointillism represent the public premieres
of this entire work for the instrumentation of clarinet, flute and marimba.
(notes by Jane Boxall)
[1] Chenoweth,
Vida, 2007a
[2] Chenoweth, Vida, 1951
[3] UIUC 1960: 231
Marc
Mellits
Tight
Sweater
Tight Sweater was written in
2005 and was commissioned by Real Quiet' and the Muzik 3 Foundation.
It is music that is tightly composed, with rapidly shifting patterns of
notes and rhythms. Each one of the six movements explores relationships
between the instruments, combining them in unique ways that each create
vivid sound worlds. The instruments themselves are treated as only one
small part of a larger combined instrument. Linear melodic lines are formed
from vertical sounding harmonies; funky bass lines can dictate harmonic
textures while chordal sounds can inspire melodic writing occurring between
the instruments.
Thomas
Read
Chamber
Concerto
Consistent with
its earliest nominal predecessors, my Chamber Concerto joins together
a diverse ensemble of instruments, and presents them in a variety of timbral
and textural combinations. It also unites different compositions projecting
a variety of emotional states-some energetic and joyful, others melancholy,
and one, perhaps, a little frightening. All are performed without pause,
some unfolding consecutively, others simultaneously. The subtitle of my
concerto -- The June Sea Breathes (what would you fear from a breath
on the waters), a compilation of lines from St.-John Perses epic
poem, Amers, offers an ancillary dimension of meaning.
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